Femoroacetabular impingement, or FAI, is a relatively common pathology affecting the hip joint. It is characterized by abnormal friction between the femoral head (thigh bone) and the acetabulum (pelvic bone cavity) during hip movements. This condition can cause persistent pain and limit patient mobility. In this article, we will examine the factors, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options associated with FAI.
Risk factors of femoroacetabular impingement
FAI can affect people of all ages, but certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing this pathology. Common risk factors include genetic predisposition, intense athletic activity, congenital deformity of the hip joint, and a history of hip injuries.
Underlying Causes
FAI can be attributed to two main types of causes :
• Cam-type FAI : Dans ce cas, une forme anormale de la tête du fémur provoque une friction excessive lors des mouvements de flexion. Cette friction peut endommager le cartilage de l’acétabulum.
• Pincer-type FAI : In this case, the acetabulum is abnormally covered by an overgrowth of bone. This overcoverage can cause excessive pressure on the femoral head.
Diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement
Diagnosis of FAI relies on clinical examination by a healthcare professional, typically an orthopedist. Imaging tools, such as X-ray, MRI, or CT scan, may be used to confirm the diagnosis. Early detection is crucial in preventing further deterioration of the hip joint.
Treatment
Treatment options for FAI depend on the severity of symptoms and underlying cause, and may include:
• Physical therapy to strengthen hip muscles and improve mobility.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief.
• Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation.
• In severe cases, surgical intervention, such as hip arthroscopy, may be necessary to correct anatomical abnormalities and reduce friction. The primary goal of treatment is to alleviate pain, improve function, and prevent further joint damage. For a better visualization of the pathology, please click on the following link to access radiological images
It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional if experiencing persistent hip pain or symptoms of femoroacetabular impingement. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve the quality of life and mobility of patients suffering from this condition.
